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Cyperaceae source details

Lois, R.; Reznicek, A. A.; González-Elizondo, M. S.; Cano, A.; Acedo, C.; Jiménez-Mejías, P. (2025). When basics are much needed: morphometric exploration of twenty-one known species of the Neotropical Carex sect. Fecundae (Cyperaceae) reveals eighteen neglected new species. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society.
516786
10.1093/botlinnean/boaf097 [view]
Lois, R.; Reznicek, A. A.; González-Elizondo, M. S.; Cano, A.; Acedo, C.; Jiménez-Mejías, P.
2025
When basics are much needed: morphometric exploration of twenty-one known species of the Neotropical <i>Carex</i> sect. <i>Fecundae</i> (Cyperaceae) reveals eighteen neglected new species
Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
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2025-11-04 13:42:06Z
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Carex artoriasii Lois, Jim.Mejías, Acedo, S.González & Reznicek (original description)
Carex aureochiapensis Lois, Jim.Mejías, Acedo, S.González & Reznicek (original description)
Carex breedlovei Reznicek & S.González (original description)
Carex canoi Jim.Mejías & Escudero, (original description)
Carex caribea Jim.Mejías, Lois & Acedo (original description)
Carex catamarcensis C.B.Clarke ex Kük. (taxonomy source)
Carex catrina Lois, Jim.Mejías, Acedo, S.González & Reznicek (original description)
Carex chordalis Liebm. (taxonomy source)
Carex colombiana Jim.Mejías, Lois, Acedo & A.Cano (original description)
Carex comolaflor Lois, Jim.Mejías, Acedo, S.González & Reznicek (original description)
Carex cortesii Liebm. (taxonomy source)
Carex crassiflora Kük. (taxonomy source)
Carex david-smithii Reznicek (taxonomy source)
Carex donnell-smithii L.H.Bailey (taxonomy source)
Carex fecunda Steud. (taxonomy source)
Carex galeottiana C.A.Mey. (taxonomy source)
Carex jamesonii Boott (taxonomy source)
Carex jovis C.B.Clarke (taxonomy source)
Carex lapazensis C.B.Clarke (taxonomy source)
Carex lehmanniana Boott (taxonomy source)
Carex melanosperma Liebm. (taxonomy source)
Carex mesoamericana Lois, Jim.Mejías, Acedo, S.González & Reznicek (original description)
Carex mikasae Lois, Reznicek, Jim.-Mejías, S.González & Acedo (original description)
Carex nahuatl Lois, Jim.Mejías, Acedo, S.González & Reznicek (original description)
Carex orothanatica Lois, Acedo, Reznicek & Jim.Mejías (additional source)
Carex pachacutecii Jim.-Mejías, Lois, García-Moro, Martín-Bravo & A. Cano (original description)
Carex perprava C.B.Clarke (taxonomy source)
Carex pichinchensis Kunth (taxonomy source)
Carex purepecha Lois, Jim.Mejías, Acedo, S.González & Reznicek (original description)
Carex regina Jim.-Mejías, Lois, Acedo & A.Cano (original description)
Carex regina Jim.-Mejías, Lois, Acedo & A.Cano (basis of record)
Carex sect. Fecundae Kük. (taxonomy source)
Carex siguanabae Jim.Mejías, Acedo, Reznicek & Lois (taxonomy source)
Carex spilocarpa Steud. (taxonomy source)
Carex tepuyana Jim.Mejías, Lois & Reznicek (original description)
Carex tojquianensis Standl. & Steyerm. (taxonomy source)
Carex transmexicana Lois, Jim.Mejías, Acedo, S.González & Reznicek (original description)
Carex tuberculata Liebm. (taxonomy source)
Carex tuxtleca Lois, Jim.Mejías, Acedo, S.González & Reznicek (original description)
Carex via-aquae Jim.Mejías, Lois, Acedo & Reznicek (taxonomy source)
Carex xipetotecana Lois, Jim.Mejías, Acedo, S.González & Reznicek (original description)
Colombia for Carex caribea Jim.Mejías, Lois & Acedo 
Colombia for Carex colombiana Jim.Mejías, Lois, Acedo & A.Cano 
Costa Rica for Carex mikasae Lois, Reznicek, Jim.-Mejías, S.González & Acedo 
Ecuador for Carex colombiana Jim.Mejías, Lois, Acedo & A.Cano 
Ecuador for Carex regina Jim.-Mejías, Lois, Acedo & A.Cano 
Guatemala for Carex mesoamericana Lois, Jim.Mejías, Acedo, S.González & Reznicek 
Guatemala for Carex mikasae Lois, Reznicek, Jim.-Mejías, S.González & Acedo 
Honduras for Carex aureochiapensis Lois, Jim.Mejías, Acedo, S.González & Reznicek 
Honduras for Carex mesoamericana Lois, Jim.Mejías, Acedo, S.González & Reznicek 
Honduras for Carex mikasae Lois, Reznicek, Jim.-Mejías, S.González & Acedo 
Mexico Central for Carex artoriasii Lois, Jim.Mejías, Acedo, S.González & Reznicek 
Mexico Central for Carex mikasae Lois, Reznicek, Jim.-Mejías, S.González & Acedo 
Mexico Central for Carex transmexicana Lois, Jim.Mejías, Acedo, S.González & Reznicek 
Mexico Gulf for Carex nahuatl Lois, Jim.Mejías, Acedo, S.González & Reznicek 
Mexico Gulf for Carex tuxtleca Lois, Jim.Mejías, Acedo, S.González & Reznicek 
Mexico Southeast for Carex aureochiapensis Lois, Jim.Mejías, Acedo, S.González & Reznicek 
Mexico Southeast for Carex breedlovei Reznicek & S.González 
Mexico Southeast for Carex mikasae Lois, Reznicek, Jim.-Mejías, S.González & Acedo 
Mexico Southwest for Carex catrina Lois, Jim.Mejías, Acedo, S.González & Reznicek 
Mexico Southwest for Carex comolaflor Lois, Jim.Mejías, Acedo, S.González & Reznicek 
Mexico Southwest for Carex mikasae Lois, Reznicek, Jim.-Mejías, S.González & Acedo 
Mexico Southwest for Carex purepecha Lois, Jim.Mejías, Acedo, S.González & Reznicek 
Mexico Southwest for Carex xipetotecana Lois, Jim.Mejías, Acedo, S.González & Reznicek 
Nicaragua for Carex mesoamericana Lois, Jim.Mejías, Acedo, S.González & Reznicek 
Nicaragua for Carex mikasae Lois, Reznicek, Jim.-Mejías, S.González & Acedo 
Peru for Carex canoi Jim.Mejías & Escudero, 
Peru for Carex colombiana Jim.Mejías, Lois, Acedo & A.Cano 
Peru for Carex pachacutecii Jim.-Mejías, Lois, García-Moro, Martín-Bravo & A. Cano 
Peru for Carex regina Jim.-Mejías, Lois, Acedo & A.Cano 
Venezuela for Carex caribea Jim.Mejías, Lois & Acedo 
Holotype UPOS, identified as Carex canoi Jim.Mejías & Escudero,
Holotype LL, identified as Carex mikasae Lois, Reznicek, Jim.-Mejías, S.González & Acedo
Holotype UPOS, identified as Carex pachacutecii Jim.-Mejías, Lois, García-Moro, Martín-Bravo & A. Cano
Holotype NY, geounit Venezuela, identified as Carex tepuyana Jim.Mejías, Lois & Reznicek
Holotype MICH 1132464, identified as Carex purepecha Lois, Jim.Mejías, Acedo, S.González & Reznicek
Holotype MICH 1132465, identified as Carex comolaflor Lois, Jim.Mejías, Acedo, S.González & Reznicek
Holotype MICH 1132510, identified as Carex tuxtleca Lois, Jim.Mejías, Acedo, S.González & Reznicek
Holotype MICH 1132511, identified as Carex aureochiapensis Lois, Jim.Mejías, Acedo, S.González & Reznicek
Holotype MICH 1133081, identified as Carex artoriasii Lois, Jim.Mejías, Acedo, S.González & Reznicek
Holotype MICH 1133082, identified as Carex xipetotecana Lois, Jim.Mejías, Acedo, S.González & Reznicek
Holotype WIS 1133124, identified as Carex transmexicana Lois, Jim.Mejías, Acedo, S.González & Reznicek
Holotype MICH 1133137, identified as Carex catrina Lois, Jim.Mejías, Acedo, S.González & Reznicek
Holotype MICH 1204164, identified as Carex nahuatl Lois, Jim.Mejías, Acedo, S.González & Reznicek
Holotype MICH 1431324, identified as Carex breedlovei Reznicek & S.González
Holotype US 1933671, identified as Carex caribea Jim.Mejías, Lois & Acedo
Holotype MO 2915774, identified as Carex mesoamericana Lois, Jim.Mejías, Acedo, S.González & Reznicek
Holotype MO 3094808, identified as Carex colombiana Jim.Mejías, Lois, Acedo & A.Cano
 Description

Culms 40–70 cm × 2–4 mm. Basal sheaths reddish to blackish. Leaves 45–100 cm × 6.2–11.3 mm largest ones, ... [details]

 Description

Roots covered with short yellowish to stramineous hairs. Culms 70–140 cm × 2–4 mm. Basal sheaths pale ... [details]

 Description

Roots scarcely to densely covered with short yellowish to stramineous hairs. Culms (34)55–110 cm × 1–2 mm. ... [details]

 Description

Culms 30–55 cm × 1–2 mm, reddish-brown. Basal sheaths cinnamon colored. Leaves 25–40 cm × 5.1–8.0 mm ... [details]

 Description

Roots densely covered with yellowish to stramineous hairs. Culms (35)60–130 cm × 3 mm. Basal sheaths ... [details]

 Description

Culms (18)35–100 cm × 1–2 mm. Basal sheaths brown to reddish-brown. Leaves 65–125 cm × 5.0–9.2 mm largest ... [details]

 Description

Culms 32–136 cm × 1–3 mm. Basal sheaths orangey-brownish. Leaves 48–91 cm × 3.2–8.1 mm largest ones, ... [details]

 Description

Culms 25–100 cm × 1–3 mm, scabrous. Basal sheaths pale cinnamon to reddish-brown. Leaves, 25–165 cm × ... [details]

 Description

Culms 40–115 cm × 2–3 mm. Basal sheaths orangey-brownish. Leaves (40)60–135 cm × 4.5–10.0 mm largest ... [details]

 Description

Culms 100–130 cm × 2.5 mm, green to brownish. Basal sheaths reddish. Leaves at least 102 cm × 6.2 mm largest ... [details]

 Description

Culms 30–80 cm × 1–3 mm, scabrous or smooth. Basal sheaths reddish-brown. Leaves 90–150 cm × 5.0–7.9 mm ... [details]

 Description

Culms (10)20–40 cm × 1–2 mm, yellow-brownish. Basal sheaths orangey-brownish. Leaves 25–45 cm × 3.0–4.7 ... [details]

 Description

Culms 30–130 × 2–4 mm. Basal sheaths reddish-brown to purple. Leaves 35–155 cm × 5.5–13.5 mm largest ... [details]

 Description

Roots densely covered with short yellowish to stramineous hairs. Culms 30–80 cm × 1–3 mm. Basal sheaths ... [details]

 Description

Culms 25–100 cm × 3–4 mm. Basal sheaths reddish-brown. Leaves 35–160 cm × (2.2)4.0–15.0 mm largest ones, ... [details]

 Description

Culms 45–85 cm × 2–3 mm, scabrous. Leaves 30–80(135) cm × 6.2–8.0 mm largest ones, longer than the culms, ... [details]

 Description

Culms 25–110 cm × ±2 mm. Basal sheaths reddish-brown to reddish-purple. Leaves 25–140 cm × 4.3–13.6 mm ... [details]

 Description

Culms 55–200(310) × 2–5 mm. Basal sheaths red-brown to dark purple. Leaves 70–130(170) cm × 5.5–12.0 mm ... [details]

 Description

Roots glabrous or densely covered with short yellowish to stramineous hairs. Culms 25–75 cm × 2–3 mm. Basal ... [details]

 Description

Culms 45–110 cm × 4–5 mm. Basal sheaths reddish-brown. Leaves 35–121 cm × 5.1–8.0 mm largest ones, ... [details]

 Description

Culms 60–150(200) cm × 2–3 mm, glabrous to scabrous. Basal sheaths red-brown to dark purple. Leaves 70–130 ... [details]

 Description

Culms 120–160 cm × 2–3 mm. Basal sheaths brownish. Leaves at least 60–100 cm × 4.6–12.1 mm largest one, ... [details]

 Description

Culms 60–165 cm × 1.5–2 mm, scabrous. Basal sheaths cinnamon to orangey-brownish. Leaves 75–175 cm × ... [details]

 Description

Roots densely covered with short yellowish hairs or glabrous. Culms 100–130 cm × 2–3 mm, green to brownish. ... [details]

 Description

Roots densely covered with short yellowish to stramineous hairs. Culms 25–40 cm × ±0.15 mm. Basal sheaths ... [details]

 Description

Culms 30–40 × 2–3 mm. Leaves, largest ones 30–40 cm × 4.1–6.1 mm, subequal to the culms, oldest ones ... [details]

 Description

Culms 35–70 cm × 2–4 mm. Basal sheaths blackish. Leaves 36–135(160) cm × 5.2–15.0 mm largest ones, longer ... [details]

 Description

Culms 8–50(85) cm × 1–2 mm. Basal sheaths orangey-brownish to purplish-black. Leaves 13–65(102) cm × ... [details]

 Description

Roots glabrous. Culms ~150 cm × 3 mm, green to yellowish. Basal sheaths reddish. Leaves at least 100 cm ... [details]

 Description

Roots densely covered with short yellowish to stramineous hairs. Culms 50–140 cm × 3–4 mm. Basal sheaths ... [details]

 Description

Culms 40–90 cm × 1–3 mm, glabrous. Basal sheaths cinnamon colored. Leaves 15–90 cm × 6.0–10.5 mm largest ... [details]

 Description

Culms ±45 × 2–3 mm. Leaves, 104 cm × 7.5 mm largest one, much longer than the culms, oldest ones ... [details]

 Description

Roots smooth. Culms 25–55 cm × 1–3 mm. Leaves 25–35 cm × 3.2–3.9 mm largest ones, coriaceous, shorter ... [details]

 Description

Roots densely covered with short yellowish hairs or glabrous. Culms 50–85 cm × 2–3 mm. Basal sheaths cinnamon ... [details]

 Description

Culms 40–100 cm × 2–3 mm, often scabrous. Basal sheaths cinnamon to reddish-brown. Leaves 50–145 cm × ... [details]

 Description

Roots covered with yellowish to stramineous hairs. Culm 45–90 cm × 1–3 mm. Basal sheaths reddish-brownish. ... [details]

 Description

Roots glabrous. Culms 15–30 cm × 0.1–0.2 mm. Leaves 26–53 cm × 2.0–5.8 mm largest ones, oldest ones ... [details]

 Description

Roots glabrous or covered with yellowish hairs. Culms ~70 cm × 2 mm, green to brownish. Basal sheaths brownish. ... [details]

 Distribution

It is distributed on the southernmost sector of the Sierras Madre Oriental and del Sur, in the southern Mexican ... [details]

 Distribution

A northern Central American species. All the studied specimens were collected in the Central American Cordillera, ... [details]

 Distribution

Mexican state of Chiapas, linked to the Sierra Madre de Chiapas, part of the Central American Cordillera. [details]

 Distribution

So far only known from the Central Andes at Peru, in the northern provinces of Cajamarca, Bolívar and La Libertad, ... [details]

 Distribution

Caribbean Coastal Range in Venezuela, the northernmost extension of the Andes and one of the main mountain ranges ... [details]

 Distribution

Southern Andes, in northern Argentina (Salta and Tucumán provinces) and north-ern Chile (Coquimbo region). ... [details]

 Distribution

This species is endemic to Sierra Madre del Sur, appearing only in the Mexican State of Oaxaca. [details]

 Distribution

The most broadly distributed species from sect. Fecundae, spreading from the southern part of Sierra Madre Oriental ... [details]

 Distribution

Northern Andes, primarily in the mountains of Cordillera Oriental in Colombia, rarer on its easternmost foothills ... [details]

 Distribution

Only known from the two locations, one in Nevado de Colima (state of Jalisco) on the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt, ... [details]

 Distribution

This species is appears in the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt, and Sierra Madre del Sur, spanning the Mexican states ... [details]

 Distribution

Southern Andes, from South Bolivia to North Argentina.  [details]

 Distribution

Andes of northern and central Peru, from Cajamarca to Huancayo Provinces. [details]

 Distribution

This species is distributed in the Central American Cordillera from southern Mexi-co, Guatemala, and Honduras, and ... [details]

 Distribution

Andes from Peru to northern Argentina (Provinces of Catamarca, Salta and Tucu-mán), appearing mainly in southern ... [details]

 Distribution

It is found in the Sierra Madre Oriental (state of Veracruz), and in the Sierra Madre del Sur (state of Oaxaca). [details]

 Distribution

Central and Northern Andes, from Peru to the eastern Andean foothills in Colombia and Venezuela, passing all along ... [details]

 Distribution

Carex jovis is an almost strictly Central American species, distributed all along the Central American and ... [details]

 Distribution

Andes, from southern Ecuador to northern Bolivia (La Paz). The species seems to be quite sporadical north of ... [details]

 Distribution

Northern Andes, from southern Ecuador (Loja and Zamora-Chinchipe) to central Colombia (Antioquia Department), ... [details]

 Distribution

Endemic from a small area in the states of Hidalgo, Puebla and Veracruz, where the southern extreme of the Sierra ... [details]

 Distribution

Central American Cordillera, from north Honduras to Nicaragua, also in the Sierra de Talamanca in Costa Rica. [details]

 Distribution

It is distributed from central Mexico on the Volcanic Belt (States of Mexico, Michoacán and Puebla) and in the ... [details]

 Distribution

A narrow endemic only known from the type location at the Sierra Madre Oriental, between Huejutla de Reyes and ... [details]

 Distribution

A narrow endemic only known from a few collections at the type location from Cerro de la Muerte in Cordillera de ... [details]

 Distribution

A narrow endemic from the Cusco and Apurimac Departments (S Peru). [details]

 Distribution

Southern Andes, appearing from the Department of Puno in Peru and in the prov-inces of La Paz and Cochabamba in ... [details]

 Distribution

Andes, from northern Venezuela (Trujillo and Mérida) through Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru, and reaching as far ... [details]

 Distribution

An apparently narrow endemic from the Meseta Purépecha on the lower areas of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt. It ... [details]

 Distribution

This species is endemic to northern foothills of the Andes, mainly in the N half of Peru, reaching marginally S Ecuador. [details]

 Distribution

Known from central-eastern Mexico. [details]

 Distribution

Apparently a narrow endemic only known from the type collection in Ilu-Tepuy in the Venezuelan Guiana. Given the ... [details]

 Distribution

A narrow endemic from the Sierra de los Cuchumatanes (Department of Huehuetenango, Guatemala) of the Central ... [details]

 Distribution

It looks like an endemic plant with an extremely reduced area of distribution, only know from a few collections on ... [details]

 Distribution

Central and eastern Mexico, on the Mexican Volcanic Belt (States of Guanajuato, Michoacán, Morelos, Mexico, Ciudad ... [details]

 Distribution

Known only from the type collection at Volcano San Martín. This mountain is part of the Sierra de los Tuxlas, an ... [details]

 Distribution

This species is distributed in Cordillera de Talamanca, most of the populations are in Costa Rica. It also appears ... [details]

 Distribution

A narrow endemic only known from the type location, 30.5 miles northeast of Guelatao in the state of Oaxaca. [details]

 Etymology

The specific epithet artoriasii honors the human struggle against the concept of darkness, in our particular case ... [details]

 Etymology

The specific epithet aureochiapensis is derived from Latin, combining aureo meaning “golden” and chiapensis ... [details]

 Etymology

In honor of Dennis E. Breedlove (1939-2012), botanist, anthropologist and professor at the California Academy of ... [details]

 Etymology

The epithet canoi honors to the Dr. Asunción Cano Echevarría, botanist and professor at Universidad Nacional ... [details]

 Etymology

The epithet caribea is a reference to the Caribbean Mountain range where this species inhabits. [details]

 Etymology

From Catamarca, a province of Argentina. [details]

 Etymology

The specific epithet catrina honors La Catrina, a prominent figure in Mexican culture that represents death with ... [details]

 Etymology

The epithet colombiana is here coined to make a double dedication. On the one hand, we want to honor the country of ... [details]

 Etymology

The epithet comolaflor derives from the iconic song “Como la flor” [like the flower], from the singer Selena ... [details]

 Etymology

The name commemorates the Spanish explorer Hernán Cortés, as the legend says that he was the first European to ... [details]

 Etymology

Honoring David Smith, former Assistant Curator at the Missouri Botanical Garden, who tragically died in Bolivia ... [details]

 Etymology

The name commemorates John Donnell Smith, an American botanist and military officer known for his botanical work in ... [details]

 Etymology

From the Latin fecundus, fertile, probably in reference to the many flowers of the paniculate inflorescences. [details]

 Etymology

In reference to the French-Belgian botanist and geologist H. Galeotti that collected the type specimen and worked ... [details]

 Etymology

In honor of the Scottish botanist William Jameson (1796-1873), botanist and pro-fessor at the University of Quito ... [details]

 Etymology

From the Latin jovis, a refence to Jupiter, chief Roman deity, as this species is unu-sually large among the ... [details]

 Etymology

In reference to the Province of La Paz in Bolivia. [details]

 Etymology

In honor of F.C. Lehmann (1850-1903), botanist and German consul in Colombia that conducted explorations throughout ... [details]

 Etymology

Melanosperma derives from the Greek mélās, "dark" or "black", and sperma, “seed”, referring to the dark nutlets. [details]

 Etymology

The epithet mesoamericana refers to Central America, from the Greek meso-, middle. [details]

 Etymology

The specific epithet mikasae refers to the iconic fictional character Mikasa Ackerman ... [details]

 Etymology

The specific epithet nahuatl pays tribute to the Nahuatl people, who were and continue to be the predominant ... [details]

 Etymology

The epithet orothanatica is formed by the ancient Greek oros, mountain, and thanatica, in reference to Thanatos, ... [details]

 Etymology

The specific epithet pachacutecii is derived from the much admired Inca Pachacútec, known for his remarkable ... [details]