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Cyperaceae taxon details

Carex echinata Murray

To Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (Carex echinata K000291287 type 1)
To Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (Carex echinata K000291287 type 1)

1676879  (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:1676879)

  1. Biota
  2. Plantae (Kingdom)
  3. Viridiplantae (Subkingdom)
  4. Streptophyta (Infrakingdom)
  5. Tracheophyta (Phylum (Division))
  6. Spermatophytina (Subphylum (Subdivision))
  7. Magnoliopsida (Class)
  8. Lilianae (Superorder)
  9. Poales (Order)
  10. Cyperaceae (Family)
  11. Cariceae (Tribe)
  12. Carex (Genus)
  13. Carex subg. Vignea (Subgenus)
  14. Carex sect. Stellulatae (Section)
  15. Carex echinata (Species)
accepted
Species

Ordering

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  • By status

Children Display

  1. Subspecies Carex echinata subsp. echinata Murray
  2. Subspecies Carex echinata subsp. phyllomanica (W.Boott) Reznicek
  3. Forma Carex echinata f. brevispicata Podp. accepted as Carex echinata subsp. echinata Murray
  4. Forma Carex echinata f. capitata (Christ) Kük. accepted as Carex pairae F.W.Schultz
  5. Forma Carex echinata f. chlorocarpa Podp. accepted as Carex echinata subsp. echinata Murray
  6. Forma Carex echinata f. monostachya (Asch. & Graebn.) Kük. accepted as Carex pairae F.W.Schultz
  7. Forma Carex echinata f. remotiuscula Podp. accepted as Carex echinata subsp. echinata Murray
  8. Forma Carex echinata f. subalpina Almq. accepted as Carex echinata subsp. echinata Murray
  9. Subspecies Carex echinata subsp. angustifolia Čelak. accepted as Carex nigra subsp. nigra
  10. Subspecies Carex echinata subsp. gasparrinii (Parl.) K.Richt. accepted as Carex echinata subsp. echinata Murray
  11. Subspecies Carex echinata subsp. grypos (Schkuhr) Arcang. accepted as Carex echinata subsp. echinata Murray
  12. Subspecies Carex echinata subsp. hydrophila (Dumort.) K.Richt. accepted as Carex echinata subsp. echinata Murray
  13. Subspecies Carex echinata subsp. intermedia Čelak. accepted as Carex acuta L.
  14. Subspecies Carex echinata subsp. townsendii (Mack.) Reznicek accepted as Carex townsendii Mack.
  15. Variety Carex echinata var. angustata (J.Carey) L.H.Bailey accepted as Carex echinata subsp. echinata Murray
  16. Variety Carex echinata var. cephalantha L.H.Bailey accepted as Carex echinata subsp. echinata Murray
  17. Variety Carex echinata var. conferta (Chapm.) L.H.Bailey accepted as Carex atlantica subsp. atlantica L.H.Bailey
  18. Variety Carex echinata var. echinata Murray accepted as Carex echinata Murray
  19. Variety Carex echinata var. elata Maire ex Rouy accepted as Carex echinata subsp. echinata Murray
  20. Variety Carex echinata var. excelsior (L.H.Bailey) Fernald accepted as Carex echinata subsp. echinata Murray
  21. Variety Carex echinata var. grypos (Schkuhr) Nyman accepted as Carex echinata subsp. echinata Murray
  22. Variety Carex echinata var. gypsos (Schkuhr) Nyman accepted as Carex echinata subsp. echinata Murray
  23. Variety Carex echinata var. hydrophila (Dumort.) Nyman accepted as Carex echinata subsp. echinata Murray
  24. Variety Carex echinata var. leersii (Kneuck.) Kük. accepted as Carex leersii F.W.Schultz
  25. Variety Carex echinata var. loliacea (Schkuhr) T.Durand accepted as Carex pairae F.W.Schultz
  26. Variety Carex echinata var. microstachys Boeckeler accepted as Carex echinata subsp. echinata Murray
  27. Variety Carex echinata var. ormantha Fernald accepted as Carex echinata subsp. echinata Murray
  28. Variety Carex echinata var. perileia (S.T.Blake) P.Royen accepted as Carex echinata subsp. echinata Murray
  29. Variety Carex echinata var. phyllomanica (W.Boott) B.Boivin accepted as Carex echinata subsp. phyllomanica (W.Boott) Reznicek
  30. Variety Carex echinata var. pseudodivulsa (F.W.Schultz) F.W.Schultz accepted as Carex divulsa Stokes
  31. Variety Carex echinata var. radiata (Wahlenb.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. accepted as Carex radiata (Wahlenb.) Small
  32. Variety Carex echinata var. tenuior Kük. accepted as Carex echinata subsp. echinata Murray
terrestrial
Murray, A. (1773). Prodromus designationis stirpium gottingensium. , available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/52557728#page/4/mode/1up
page(s): 76 [details] 
Description Rizoma cespitoso, en ocasiones con un tramo vertical al final del cual surgen los brotes fértiles. Tallos (5)15-40(50) cm,...  
Description Rizoma cespitoso, en ocasiones con un tramo vertical al final del cual surgen los brotes fértiles. Tallos (5)15-40(50) cm, trígonos, con los ángulos agudos, lisos o escábridos en la parte superior. Hojas (0,5)1,5-2,5(3) mm de anchura, de menor longitud que los tallos, planas o canaliculadas, ásperas en los bordes, sobre todo hacia el ápice, ligeramente rígidas 0,5-2 mm, de anchura menor que el limbo, de ápice obtuso o subagudo; libre en los bordes; sin antelígula; vainas basales con limbo desarrollado, de color pardo, enteras o ± fibrosas. Bráctea inferior de longitud mucho menor que la inflorescencia, glumácea, de ápice setáceo o rara vez cortamente folíacea. Espigas aproximadamente dos, separadas, la terminal es masculina, frecuente en más de la mitad de su longitud, las laterales femeninas, dispuestas en espiga simple de (0,6)1,1-3(3,5) cm, ovadas. Glumas ovadas, agudas o cortamente aristadas, de color pardo, verdosas o hialinas, con el nervio central verde, las femeninas de longitud mucho menor que los utrículos, con margen escarioso. Utrículos (2,9)3,2-3,9(4,1) × 1-1,5(1,8) mm, de contorno triangular, plano-convexos, muy esponjosos en la base, con los nervios bien perceptibles, verdosos o parduscos, patentes o un poco reflejos en la madurez, lo que confiere a la espiga un aspecto estrellado, gradualmente atenuados en un pico de (0,5)1-1,5(18) mm, estrechados, escabrido o pubérulo, bífido, oval a elíptico, plano-convexos o ligeramente biconvexos, de color pardo, con la base del estilo persistente en forma de una corta columna. 2n = 56; 58. [details]

Description Rhizomes very short; shoots densely tufted; roots whitish; scales pale brown, persistent. Stems 10–40(–60) cm, slender,...  
Description Rhizomes very short; shoots densely tufted; roots whitish; scales pale brown, persistent. Stems 10–40(–60) cm, slender, trigonous and ± striate to subterete. Leaves up to 30 cm × 1–2.5 mm, thick, keeled or becoming flat, gradually tapered to a trigonous rough tip, shiny, mid to dark green; hypostomous; sheaths often white with green veins, becoming pale brown, soon decaying, and inner face hyaline-green; apex ± straight; ligule c. 1 mm, rounded, tubular. Inflorescence 1–3 cm; bracts glumaceous or rarely setaceous and equalling the inflorescence, occasionally greatly exceeding it. Spikes 2–5, ± distant, 3–6 mm, sessile, stellate when mature, the terminal spike female at top, male below, lower spikes all female. Male glumes 2.5–3 mm, broadly lanceolate, pale brown with broad hyaline margin; apex obtuse. Female glumes 2–2.5 mm, broadly ovate, embracing lower part of utricle, pale red-brown, with green midrib and broad, hyaline margin; apex acute. Utricles 3–4 mm, ovoid, plano-convex, faintly ribbed, green becoming yellow-brown, divaricate at maturity; beak c. 1 mm, broad, serrate, bifid; stigmas 2; nut obovoid or orbicular-compressed. [details]

Description Culms 10–90(–135) cm. Leaves 3–6 per culm; sheaths tight, inner band hyaline, 1.8–2.5 cm, apex concave, glabrous;...  
Description Culms 10–90(–135) cm. Leaves 3–6 per culm; sheaths tight, inner band hyaline, 1.8–2.5 cm, apex concave, glabrous; ligules 0.6–2.5(–4.5) mm, rounded to ± acute; blades plicate, 5–40 cm × 0.7–3.3(–3.8) mm, widest leaf 1–3.3(–3.8) mm wide. Inflorescences 0.7–7.8 cm; spikes (2–)3–8; lateral spikes pistillate often with few staminate flowers proximally, 3–15.5 mm, sessile, staminate portion 7-flowered, to 8.2 mm, pistillate portion 3–32-flowered, 2.5–11 mm; basal 2 spikes 1.7–42 mm apart; terminal spike gynecandrous, 5–24 mm, staminate portion 2–17-flowered, 2–16.5 × 0.9–2 mm, pistillate portion 4–26-flowered, 2.6–9 × 4.9–9.1 mm. Pistillate scales ovate, (1.4–)2.1–3.1 × 0.7–2.3 mm, apex acute to sometimes obtuse. Staminate scales ovate-lanceolate to ovate, 1.3–3.8 × 0.8–1.7 mm, base clavate, apex acute. Anthers 0.8–1.6(–2) mm. Perigynia spreading to reflexed, castaneous to dark brown, 2–14-veined abaxially, 0–12-veined adaxially over achene, lanceolate to ovate, (2.65–)2.9–4.75 × 0.8–2.1 mm, (1.7–)1.8–3.2(–3.6) times as long as wide; beak (0.85–)0.95–2 mm, (0.4–)0.45–0.86 length of body, serrulate, teeth (0–)0.15–0.5 mm. Achenes ovate-lanceolate to rhombic-ovate, 1.3–2.1 × 0.8–1.55 mm. 2n = 58. [details]

Taxonomic remark Source in seed data: wcs Updated namepublishedIn from Prod. Stirp. Gott. 76 1770 to Prod. Stirp. Gotting. 76. ,...  
Taxonomic remark Source in seed data: wcs Updated namepublishedIn from Prod. Stirp. Gott. 76 1770 to Prod. Stirp. Gotting. 76. , information provided by Alan E. on email Oct. 12 2020 More details could be found in [details]
Cyperaceae Working Group. (2026). [see How to cite]. Global Cyperaceae Database. Carex echinata Murray. Accessed at: https://cyperaceae.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1676879 on 2026-05-08
Date
action
by
2023-09-06 07:28:28Z
created
Jiménez-Mejías, Pedro
2024-12-10 11:47:54Z
unchecked
db_admin
2025-03-11 11:19:03Z
changed
Márquez-Corro, José Ignacio
2026-04-08 09:50:16Z
changed
Jiménez-Mejías, Pedro

Creative Commons License The webpage text is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License


Nomenclature

original description Murray, A. (1773). Prodromus designationis stirpium gottingensium. , available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/52557728#page/4/mode/1up
page(s): 76 [details] 

basis of record Plants of the World Online (POWO). , available online at https://powo.science.kew.org/ [details] 

Taxonomy

taxonomy source Martín-Bravo, S.; Benítez-Benítez, C.; Buira, A.; García-Moro, P.; Gutiérrez, L.; Marco-Rosado, N.; Morales-Alonso, A.; Míguez, M.; Salazar-Mendías, C.; Sanz-Arnal, M.; Jiménez-Mejías, P. (2023). Chorological news for Carex (Cyperaceae) in the Iberian Peninsula. <em>Anales de Biología.</em> (45): 53-59., available online at https://doi.org/10.6018/analesbio.45.06 [details] 

taxonomy source Jermy, A.C.; Simpson, D.A.; Foley, M.J.Y.; Porter, M.S. (2007). Sedges of the British Isles. 554 pp. Botanical Society of Britain & Ireland, United Kingdom. [details] Available for editors  PDF available [request]

taxonomy source Luceño, M., Castroviejo, S., Jiménez-Mejías, P. (2008). Cyperaceae. In: Castroviejo, Luceño, M., Galán, A., Jiménez-Mejías, P., Cabezas, F., Medina, L. (eds). Flora iberica. Plantas vasculares de la Península Ibérica e Islas Baleares. Vol. XVIII. Madrid: CSIC., available online at https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/records/item/12958-flora-iberica-vol-18-cyperaceae-pontederiaceae?offset=, http://www.floraiberica.es/PHP/familias_lista_.php?familia=Cyperaceae [details] 

Other

additional source Li, B. Z.; Zhang, S. R. (2024). An updated species checklist and taxonomic synopsis of Cyperaceae in China. <em>Biodiversity Science.</em> 32(7): 24106., available online at https://doi.org/10.17520/biods.2024106 [details] Available for editors  PDF available [request]

 
 Present  Inaccurate  Introduced: alien  Containing type locality 
   

Syntype K 000291287, geounit Indonesia [details]
From editor or global species database
Additional information 2n=58 (as C. muricate) [details]

Additional information 2n=56 [details]

Description Rizoma cespitoso, en ocasiones con un tramo vertical al final del cual surgen los brotes fértiles. Tallos (5)15-40(50) cm, trígonos, con los ángulos agudos, lisos o escábridos en la parte superior. Hojas (0,5)1,5-2,5(3) mm de anchura, de menor longitud que los tallos, planas o canaliculadas, ásperas en los bordes, sobre todo hacia el ápice, ligeramente rígidas 0,5-2 mm, de anchura menor que el limbo, de ápice obtuso o subagudo; libre en los bordes; sin antelígula; vainas basales con limbo desarrollado, de color pardo, enteras o ± fibrosas. Bráctea inferior de longitud mucho menor que la inflorescencia, glumácea, de ápice setáceo o rara vez cortamente folíacea. Espigas aproximadamente dos, separadas, la terminal es masculina, frecuente en más de la mitad de su longitud, las laterales femeninas, dispuestas en espiga simple de (0,6)1,1-3(3,5) cm, ovadas. Glumas ovadas, agudas o cortamente aristadas, de color pardo, verdosas o hialinas, con el nervio central verde, las femeninas de longitud mucho menor que los utrículos, con margen escarioso. Utrículos (2,9)3,2-3,9(4,1) × 1-1,5(1,8) mm, de contorno triangular, plano-convexos, muy esponjosos en la base, con los nervios bien perceptibles, verdosos o parduscos, patentes o un poco reflejos en la madurez, lo que confiere a la espiga un aspecto estrellado, gradualmente atenuados en un pico de (0,5)1-1,5(18) mm, estrechados, escabrido o pubérulo, bífido, oval a elíptico, plano-convexos o ligeramente biconvexos, de color pardo, con la base del estilo persistente en forma de una corta columna. 2n = 56; 58. [details]

Description Rhizomes very short; shoots densely tufted; roots whitish; scales pale brown, persistent. Stems 10–40(–60) cm, slender, trigonous and ± striate to subterete. Leaves up to 30 cm × 1–2.5 mm, thick, keeled or becoming flat, gradually tapered to a trigonous rough tip, shiny, mid to dark green; hypostomous; sheaths often white with green veins, becoming pale brown, soon decaying, and inner face hyaline-green; apex ± straight; ligule c. 1 mm, rounded, tubular. Inflorescence 1–3 cm; bracts glumaceous or rarely setaceous and equalling the inflorescence, occasionally greatly exceeding it. Spikes 2–5, ± distant, 3–6 mm, sessile, stellate when mature, the terminal spike female at top, male below, lower spikes all female. Male glumes 2.5–3 mm, broadly lanceolate, pale brown with broad hyaline margin; apex obtuse. Female glumes 2–2.5 mm, broadly ovate, embracing lower part of utricle, pale red-brown, with green midrib and broad, hyaline margin; apex acute. Utricles 3–4 mm, ovoid, plano-convex, faintly ribbed, green becoming yellow-brown, divaricate at maturity; beak c. 1 mm, broad, serrate, bifid; stigmas 2; nut obovoid or orbicular-compressed. [details]

Description Culms 10–90(–135) cm. Leaves 3–6 per culm; sheaths tight, inner band hyaline, 1.8–2.5 cm, apex concave, glabrous; ligules 0.6–2.5(–4.5) mm, rounded to ± acute; blades plicate, 5–40 cm × 0.7–3.3(–3.8) mm, widest leaf 1–3.3(–3.8) mm wide. Inflorescences 0.7–7.8 cm; spikes (2–)3–8; lateral spikes pistillate often with few staminate flowers proximally, 3–15.5 mm, sessile, staminate portion 7-flowered, to 8.2 mm, pistillate portion 3–32-flowered, 2.5–11 mm; basal 2 spikes 1.7–42 mm apart; terminal spike gynecandrous, 5–24 mm, staminate portion 2–17-flowered, 2–16.5 × 0.9–2 mm, pistillate portion 4–26-flowered, 2.6–9 × 4.9–9.1 mm. Pistillate scales ovate, (1.4–)2.1–3.1 × 0.7–2.3 mm, apex acute to sometimes obtuse. Staminate scales ovate-lanceolate to ovate, 1.3–3.8 × 0.8–1.7 mm, base clavate, apex acute. Anthers 0.8–1.6(–2) mm. Perigynia spreading to reflexed, castaneous to dark brown, 2–14-veined abaxially, 0–12-veined adaxially over achene, lanceolate to ovate, (2.65–)2.9–4.75 × 0.8–2.1 mm, (1.7–)1.8–3.2(–3.6) times as long as wide; beak (0.85–)0.95–2 mm, (0.4–)0.45–0.86 length of body, serrulate, teeth (0–)0.15–0.5 mm. Achenes ovate-lanceolate to rhombic-ovate, 1.3–2.1 × 0.8–1.55 mm. 2n = 58. [details]

Taxonomic remark Source in seed data: wcs Updated namepublishedIn from Prod. Stirp. Gott. 76 1770 to Prod. Stirp. Gotting. 76. , information provided by Alan E. on email Oct. 12 2020 More details could be found in [details]

Translation Tuft-forming rhizome, sometimes with a vertical segment at the end of which fertile shoots arise. Stems (5)15–40(50) cm, trigonous, with acute angles, smooth or scabrid in the upper part. Leaves (0.5)1.5–2.5(3) mm wide, shorter than the stems, flat or channelled, rough on the margins, especially towards the apex, slightly rigid; ligules 0.5–2 mm wide, narrower than the blade, apex obtuse or subacute; margins free; ligule absent; basal sheaths with a developed blade, brown, entire or ± fibrous. Lower bract much shorter than the inflorescence, glumaceous, with a setaceous apex or rarely shortly foliose. Spikes usually two, separated; the terminal one male for more than half its length; lateral spikes female, arranged in a simple spike (0.6)1.1–3(3.5) cm long, ovoid. Glumes ovate, acute or shortly aristate, brown, greenish or hyaline, with a green midrib; female glumes much shorter than the utricles, with a scarious margin. Utricles (2.9)3.2–3.9(4.1) × 1–1.5(1.8) mm, triangular in outline, plano-convex, very spongy at the base, with nerves clearly visible, greenish or brownish, spreading or slightly reflexed at maturity, giving the spike a star-like appearance; gradually tapering into a beak (0.5)1–1.5(1.8) mm long, narrowed, scabrid or puberulent, bifid; nuts oval to elliptic, plano-convex or slightly biconvex, brown, with the persistent style base forming a short column. 2n = 56; 58. [details]
    Definitions

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LanguageName 
Japanese ヤチカワズスゲ  [details]
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (4 publications) (from synonym Vignea echinata (Murray) Fourr.)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (523 publications) 
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Carex echinata) 
To International Plant Names Index (IPNI) (from synonym Vignea echinata (Murray) Fourr.)
To International Plant Names Index (IPNI) 
To International Plant Names Index (IPNI) (from synonym Carex leersii var. angustata Burnham)
To IUCN Red List (Least Concern) 
To Photos of Cyperaceae by Hoshino Labo. from Japan 
To Plants of the World Online (from synonym Vignea echinata (Murray) Fourr.)
To Plants of the World Online 
To Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (Carex echinata K000291287 type 1) 
To The Plant List (from synonym Carex echinata var. echinata Murray)
To The Plant List (from synonym Carex leersii var. angustata Burnham)
From editor or global species database
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