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Cyperaceae taxon details

Cyperus longus L.

To the Natural History Museum, London (Cyperus longus L. BM001067029 type 1)
To the Natural History Museum, London (Cyperus longus L. BM001067029 type 1)

1680155  (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:1680155)

  1. Biota
  2. Plantae (Kingdom)
  3. Viridiplantae (Subkingdom)
  4. Streptophyta (Infrakingdom)
  5. Tracheophyta (Phylum (Division))
  6. Spermatophytina (Subphylum (Subdivision))
  7. Magnoliopsida (Class)
  8. Lilianae (Superorder)
  9. Poales (Order)
  10. Cyperaceae (Family)
  11. Cypereae (Tribe)
  12. Cyperinae (Subtribe)
  13. Cyperus (Genus)
  14. Cyperus longus (Species)
accepted
Species

Ordering

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  1. Subspecies Cyperus longus subsp. badius (Desf.) Bonnier & Layens
  2. Subspecies Cyperus longus subsp. longus L.
  3. Variety Cyperus longus var. longus L. (uncertain > unassessed)
  4. Forma Cyperus longus f. badiiformis (Chiov.) Kük. accepted as Cyperus longus subsp. longus L.
  5. Forma Cyperus longus f. cypricus C.B.Clarke accepted as Cyperus longus subsp. longus L.
  6. Forma Cyperus longus f. difformis (Lojac.) Kük. accepted as Cyperus longus subsp. longus L.
  7. Forma Cyperus longus f. intermedius (Guss.) Kük. accepted as Cyperus longus subsp. longus L.
  8. Forma Cyperus longus f. longispiculatus Reynolds accepted as Cyperus longus subsp. longus L.
  9. Forma Cyperus longus f. lucanus A.Terracc. accepted as Cyperus longus subsp. longus L.
  10. Forma Cyperus longus f. myriostachyus (Ten.) Kük. accepted as Cyperus longus subsp. longus L.
  11. Forma Cyperus longus f. parlatoris (Lojac.) Kük. accepted as Cyperus longus subsp. longus L.
  12. Subspecies Cyperus longus subsp. badius Urb. accepted as Cyperus badius Poir.
  13. Subspecies Cyperus longus subsp. tenuiflorus (Rottb.) Kük. accepted as Cyperus longus subsp. longus L.
  14. Variety Cyperus longus var. adoensis (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Boeckeler accepted as Cyperus rigidifolius Steud.
  15. Variety Cyperus longus var. auratus Boeckeler accepted as Cyperus longus subsp. longus L.
  16. Variety Cyperus longus var. badius (Desf.) Cambess. accepted as Cyperus longus subsp. badius (Desf.) Bonnier & Layens
  17. Variety Cyperus longus var. discolor Kük. accepted as Cyperus longus subsp. longus L.
  18. Variety Cyperus longus var. elongatus C.B.Clarke accepted as Cyperus longus subsp. longus L.
  19. Variety Cyperus longus var. elongatus Boeckeler accepted as Cyperus longus subsp. longus L.
  20. Variety Cyperus longus var. gracilis Boeckeler accepted as Cyperus mitis Steud.
  21. Variety Cyperus longus var. guthnickii (Tineo ex Lojac.) Kük. accepted as Cyperus longus subsp. longus L.
  22. Variety Cyperus longus var. heldreichianus (Boiss.) Boiss. accepted as Cyperus longus subsp. longus L.
  23. Variety Cyperus longus var. incompertus Timb.-Lagr. accepted as Cyperus longus subsp. badius (Desf.) Bonnier & Layens
  24. Variety Cyperus longus var. leptochlaenus Kük. accepted as Cyperus longus subsp. longus L.
  25. Variety Cyperus longus var. maculatus (Boeckeler) Boeckeler accepted as Cyperus maculatus Boeckeler
  26. Variety Cyperus longus var. pallescens (Desf.) Coss. & Durieu accepted as Cyperus corymbosus Rottb.
  27. Variety Cyperus longus var. pallidior Kük. accepted as Cyperus longus subsp. longus L.
  28. Variety Cyperus longus var. pallidus Boeckeler accepted as Cyperus longus subsp. longus L.
  29. Variety Cyperus longus var. preslii (Rouy) P.Fourn. accepted as Cyperus longus subsp. longus L.
  30. Variety Cyperus longus var. speciosus Kük. accepted as Cyperus longus subsp. longus L.
  31. Variety Cyperus longus var. stenostachyus (Benth.) Kük. accepted as Cyperus longus subsp. longus L.
  32. Variety Cyperus longus var. tenuiflorus (Rottb.) Boeckeler accepted as Cyperus longus subsp. longus L.
terrestrial
Not documented
Description Rhizomes shortly creeping. Stems 50–140 cm × 1–3.5 mm, not or slightly swollen at base, trigonous to subtriquetrous,...  
Description Rhizomes shortly creeping. Stems 50–140 cm × 1–3.5 mm, not or slightly swollen at base, trigonous to subtriquetrous, smooth, often reddish below. Leaves shorter than or equalling inflorescence; blade linear, 35–85 cm × 3.5–7 mm, markedly W-shaped to flattish, acuminate; upper surface rough; sheath 18–45 cm long, pale to mid brown; vegetative shoots forming a pseudostem; ligule absent. Inflorescence 14–35 × 10–25 cm, compound; primary branches 5–12, 3–20 cm long, clustered and umbel-like, often branched; secondary branches 0–5, 0.5–7 cm long, arising from the upper section of the primary branches; branches terminated by a solitary spike; involucral bracts 3–5, 7–70 cm long, leaf-like, the longest usually exceeding the inflorescence. Spikes 1.5–5 cm long, obovoid; peduncles 0.1–0.7 cm long; spikelets 7–20 × 1–1.7 mm, 2–15 per spike, narrowly oblong to linear-lanceoloid, flattened, suberect to patent; axis broadly winged. Glumes 2.7–3.5 × 1.7–1.8 mm, distichously arranged, 15 or more on the longest spikelets, ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, 1–3-nerved, reddish-brown with membranous sides and pale green keel. Flowers bisexual; perianth bristles 0; stamens 3; anthers 1 mm long, with prominent connective; stigmas 3. Nuts ± 1 mm long, narrowly obovoid-cylindric, trigonous, minutely punctate, brown. [details]

Description Herbácea, perenne; rizoma con entrenudos largos, grueso, de 3–10 mm de diámetro, nudoso pero ± homogéneo a lo largo de...  
Description Herbácea, perenne; rizoma con entrenudos largos, grueso, de 3–10 mm de diámetro, nudoso pero ± homogéneo a lo largo de toda su longitud, a veces ramificado, cubierto por escamas ± anchas, sin tubérculos. Tallos (33)37–78(110) cm, solitarios, rectos, trígonos. Hojas (17)21–34(54) × 0,2–0,5 cm, generalmente de menor longitud que el tallo, basales, que dejan desnuda la mitad superior, planas o, con menos frecuencia, un poco plegadas, ligeramente carenadas por el dorso, antroso-escábridas en los márgenes y el nervio medio por el envés, ± glaucos, sobre todo por el envés, acanaladas; vaina con los bordes membranáceos, hialinos. Inflorescencia terminal, en antela simple o compuesta, con 6–10 radios primarios hasta de 12(30) cm, trígonos, con las espiguillas dispuestas en espiga en el ápice de los radios terminales; brácteas 3–6, planas, antroso-escábridas en los márgenes, la inferior de (9,5)13–20(34) × 0,2–0,5 cm, de longitud mucho mayor que la inflorescencia; espiguillas (5)9–15(19) × 0,2–0,4 mm, patentes o suberectas, comprimidas, lanceoladas, agudas, con 12–30 flores; raquidio recto, con una membrana hialina. Glumas 1,3–2,4 × 1,1–1,8 mm, trípticas, densamente imbricadas, ovadas o elípticas, obtusas, a veces mucronadas, membranáceas, de color pardo rojizo, con una banda central verdosa, carenada, con 5–7 nervios. Estambres 3, exertos en la antesis. Estilo largo, con 3 estigmas exertos. Aquenios obovados, trígonos, de color pardo oscuro o negruzco en la madurez. [details]

Description Perennial, 80-100 cm. Rhizome strong, with short stolons. Stem 2-3 mm diam., sharply trigonous, smooth. Leaves shorter than...  
Description Perennial, 80-100 cm. Rhizome strong, with short stolons. Stem 2-3 mm diam., sharply trigonous, smooth. Leaves shorter than stem; sheaths to 20-30 cm, brown or reddish-brown,lowest bladeless, upper yellowish or with reddish tint, mouth margin straight; blades to c. 50 cm, 7 mm wide, flat or keeled, grey-green, margins and midnerve below scabrous, margins slightly revolute, apex acute, trigonous, scabrous. Inflorescence up to c. 30 cm long, rather narrow anthelodium, primary branches 5-15, up to c.20 cm, longest often with secondary anthelodia up to 10 cm, with scarious, brown, tubular prophyll; lowest 3-4 bracts foliose, to more than 50 cm; cluster of spikes by 3-15 spikes almost digitately arranged, 10-20 mm in diam., tight. Spikes 5-15 x c. 1.5 mm, with 10-15 flowers, glume-like bract c. 1.5 mm, glume-like prophyll c. 1.5 mm, two-nerved; rachis compressed, quadrangular, slightly zigzagging, not winged; glumes c. 3 mm, cymbiform, blunt, mid-vein green, sides brown or reddish brown, margins scarious. Anthers c. 1.5 mm. Nut c. 1 x 0.5 mm, obovoid, trigonous, grey-brown, finely reticulate. [details]

Taxonomic remark Source in seed data: wcs Update namepublishedIn from Sp. Pl. 45 1753 to Sp. Pl. : 45 (1753), information provided by Alan...  
Taxonomic remark Source in seed data: wcs Update namepublishedIn from Sp. Pl. 45 1753 to Sp. Pl. : 45 (1753), information provided by Alan E. on email Jun. 07 2021 More details could be found in The Plant Lis [details]
Cyperaceae Working Group. (2025). [see How to cite]. Global Cyperaceae Database. Cyperus longus L.. Accessed at: https://www.cyperaceae.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1680155 on 2026-01-12
Date
action
by
2023-09-06 07:35:01Z
created
Larridon, Isabel
2024-12-10 11:47:54Z
unchecked
db_admin

Creative Commons License The webpage text is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License


Nomenclature

basis of record Plants of the World Online (POWO). , available online at https://powo.science.kew.org/ [details] 

Taxonomy

taxonomy source Jermy, A.C.; Simpson, D.A.; Foley, M.J.Y.; Porter, M.S. (2007). Sedges of the British Isles. 554 pp. Botanical Society of Britain & Ireland, United Kingdom. [details] Available for editors  PDF available [request]

taxonomy source Luceño, M., Castroviejo, S., Jiménez-Mejías, P. (2008). Cyperaceae. In: Castroviejo, Luceño, M., Galán, A., Jiménez-Mejías, P., Cabezas, F., Medina, L. (eds). Flora iberica. Plantas vasculares de la Península Ibérica e Islas Baleares. Vol. XVIII. Madrid: CSIC., available online at https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/records/item/12958-flora-iberica-vol-18-cyperaceae-pontederiaceae?offset=, http://www.floraiberica.es/PHP/familias_lista_.php?familia=Cyperaceae [details] 

 
 Present  Inaccurate  Introduced: alien  Containing type locality 
   

From editor or global species database
Description Rhizomes shortly creeping. Stems 50–140 cm × 1–3.5 mm, not or slightly swollen at base, trigonous to subtriquetrous, smooth, often reddish below. Leaves shorter than or equalling inflorescence; blade linear, 35–85 cm × 3.5–7 mm, markedly W-shaped to flattish, acuminate; upper surface rough; sheath 18–45 cm long, pale to mid brown; vegetative shoots forming a pseudostem; ligule absent. Inflorescence 14–35 × 10–25 cm, compound; primary branches 5–12, 3–20 cm long, clustered and umbel-like, often branched; secondary branches 0–5, 0.5–7 cm long, arising from the upper section of the primary branches; branches terminated by a solitary spike; involucral bracts 3–5, 7–70 cm long, leaf-like, the longest usually exceeding the inflorescence. Spikes 1.5–5 cm long, obovoid; peduncles 0.1–0.7 cm long; spikelets 7–20 × 1–1.7 mm, 2–15 per spike, narrowly oblong to linear-lanceoloid, flattened, suberect to patent; axis broadly winged. Glumes 2.7–3.5 × 1.7–1.8 mm, distichously arranged, 15 or more on the longest spikelets, ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, 1–3-nerved, reddish-brown with membranous sides and pale green keel. Flowers bisexual; perianth bristles 0; stamens 3; anthers 1 mm long, with prominent connective; stigmas 3. Nuts ± 1 mm long, narrowly obovoid-cylindric, trigonous, minutely punctate, brown. [details]

Description Herbácea, perenne; rizoma con entrenudos largos, grueso, de 3–10 mm de diámetro, nudoso pero ± homogéneo a lo largo de toda su longitud, a veces ramificado, cubierto por escamas ± anchas, sin tubérculos. Tallos (33)37–78(110) cm, solitarios, rectos, trígonos. Hojas (17)21–34(54) × 0,2–0,5 cm, generalmente de menor longitud que el tallo, basales, que dejan desnuda la mitad superior, planas o, con menos frecuencia, un poco plegadas, ligeramente carenadas por el dorso, antroso-escábridas en los márgenes y el nervio medio por el envés, ± glaucos, sobre todo por el envés, acanaladas; vaina con los bordes membranáceos, hialinos. Inflorescencia terminal, en antela simple o compuesta, con 6–10 radios primarios hasta de 12(30) cm, trígonos, con las espiguillas dispuestas en espiga en el ápice de los radios terminales; brácteas 3–6, planas, antroso-escábridas en los márgenes, la inferior de (9,5)13–20(34) × 0,2–0,5 cm, de longitud mucho mayor que la inflorescencia; espiguillas (5)9–15(19) × 0,2–0,4 mm, patentes o suberectas, comprimidas, lanceoladas, agudas, con 12–30 flores; raquidio recto, con una membrana hialina. Glumas 1,3–2,4 × 1,1–1,8 mm, trípticas, densamente imbricadas, ovadas o elípticas, obtusas, a veces mucronadas, membranáceas, de color pardo rojizo, con una banda central verdosa, carenada, con 5–7 nervios. Estambres 3, exertos en la antesis. Estilo largo, con 3 estigmas exertos. Aquenios obovados, trígonos, de color pardo oscuro o negruzco en la madurez. [details]

Description Perennial, 80-100 cm. Rhizome strong, with short stolons. Stem 2-3 mm diam., sharply trigonous, smooth. Leaves shorter than stem; sheaths to 20-30 cm, brown or reddish-brown,lowest bladeless, upper yellowish or with reddish tint, mouth margin straight; blades to c. 50 cm, 7 mm wide, flat or keeled, grey-green, margins and midnerve below scabrous, margins slightly revolute, apex acute, trigonous, scabrous. Inflorescence up to c. 30 cm long, rather narrow anthelodium, primary branches 5-15, up to c.20 cm, longest often with secondary anthelodia up to 10 cm, with scarious, brown, tubular prophyll; lowest 3-4 bracts foliose, to more than 50 cm; cluster of spikes by 3-15 spikes almost digitately arranged, 10-20 mm in diam., tight. Spikes 5-15 x c. 1.5 mm, with 10-15 flowers, glume-like bract c. 1.5 mm, glume-like prophyll c. 1.5 mm, two-nerved; rachis compressed, quadrangular, slightly zigzagging, not winged; glumes c. 3 mm, cymbiform, blunt, mid-vein green, sides brown or reddish brown, margins scarious. Anthers c. 1.5 mm. Nut c. 1 x 0.5 mm, obovoid, trigonous, grey-brown, finely reticulate. [details]

Taxonomic remark Source in seed data: wcs Update namepublishedIn from Sp. Pl. 45 1753 to Sp. Pl. : 45 (1753), information provided by Alan E. on email Jun. 07 2021 More details could be found in The Plant Lis [details]

Translation Perennial herb; rhizome with long internodes, thick, 3–10 mm in diameter, knotted but ± homogeneous throughout its length, sometimes branched, covered by ± broad scales, without tubers. Stems (33)37–78(110) cm, solitary, erect, trigonous. Leaves (17)21–34(54) × 0.2–0.5 cm, generally shorter than the stem, basal, leaving the upper half of the stem naked, flat or less frequently slightly folded, slightly keeled abaxially, scabrid on the margins and on the midrib beneath, ± glaucous, especially on the lower surface, channelled; sheaths with membranous, hyaline margins. Inflorescence terminal, a simple or compound anthela, with 6–10 primary rays up to 12(30) cm long, trigonous, bearing spikelets arranged in spikes at the tips of the terminal rays; bracts 3–6, flat, scabrid on the margins, the lowest (9.5)13–20(34) × 0.2–0.5 cm, much longer than the inflorescence; spikelets (5)9–15(19) × 0.2–0.4 mm, spreading or suberect, compressed, lanceolate, acute, with 12–30 flowers; rachilla straight, with a hyaline membrane. Glumes 1.3–2.4 × 1.1–1.8 mm, tristichous, densely imbricate, ovate or elliptic, obtuse, sometimes mucronate, membranous, reddish-brown in colour, with a greenish central band, keeled, with 5–7 nerves. Stamens 3, exserted at anthesis. Style long, with 3 exserted stigmas. Achenes obovoid, trigonous, dark brown to blackish when mature. [details]
    Definitions

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To Biodiversity Heritage Library (1 publication) (from synonym Pycreus longus (L.) Hayek)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (1051 publications) 
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (16 publications) (from synonym Chlorocyperus longus (L.) Palla)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (2 publications) (from synonym Eucyperus longus (L.) Rikli)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (39 publications) (from synonym Cyperus pertenuis Bojer)
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Cyperus longus) 
To International Plant Names Index (IPNI) (from synonym Cyperus pertenuis Bojer)
To International Plant Names Index (IPNI) 
To International Plant Names Index (IPNI) (from synonym Chlorocyperus longus (L.) Palla)
To International Plant Names Index (IPNI) (from synonym Eucyperus longus (L.) Rikli)
To International Plant Names Index (IPNI) (from synonym Pycreus longus (L.) Hayek)
To IUCN Red List (Least Concern) 
To Plants of the World Online 
To Plants of the World Online (from synonym Pycreus longus (L.) Hayek)
To Plants of the World Online (from synonym Chlorocyperus longus (L.) Palla)
To Plants of the World Online (from synonym Eucyperus longus (L.) Rikli)
To the Natural History Museum, London (Cyperus longus L. BM001067029 type 1) 
To The Plant List (from synonym Cyperus pertenuis Bojer)
From editor or global species database
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